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        <title>Business::ISBN - work with International Standard Book Numbers - metacpan.org</title>
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    <li class="nav-header no-margin-top">
      <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The date that this version of Business-ISBN was released.">
      <span class="relatize">23 Mar 2023 19:58:37 UTC</span>
    </li>
  <li>
    Distribution: <a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN">Business-ISBN</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    Module version: 3.008
  </li>
  <li>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g s" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN/source/lib/Business/ISBN.pm">Source</a>
    (<a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN/source/lib/Business/ISBN.pm?raw=1">raw</a>)
  </li>
  <li>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g b" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN/source/lib/Business">Browse</a>
    (<a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN/source/lib/Business?raw=1">raw</a>)
  </li>
    <li>
      <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g c" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN/changes">Changes</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" class="nopopup" href="https://github.com/briandfoy/business-isbn">Homepage</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a class="nopopup" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN/contribute">How to Contribute</a>
    </li>
    <li>
        <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g r" href="https://github.com/briandfoy/business-isbn">Repository</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g i" href="https://github.com/briandfoy/business-isbn/issues">Issues</a>
      (0)
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=Business-ISBN+3.008" title="Matrix">Testers</a>
        <span title="(pass / fail / na)">(<a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/B/Business-ISBN.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=3.008&amp;grade=2" style="color: #090">1813</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/B/Business-ISBN.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=3.008&amp;grade=3" style="color: #900">0</a> / <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="https://www.cpantesters.org/distro/B/Business-ISBN.html?oncpan=1&amp;distmat=1&amp;version=3.008&amp;grade=4">0</a>)</span>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpants.cpanauthors.org/release/BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.008">Kwalitee</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <div class="ttip" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="The # people with an indexing permission on Business-ISBN who have released something to CPAN in the last 2 years (i.e. the # people likely able to release critical fixes in a timely manner)">
      Bus factor: 1
      </div>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://cpancover.com/latest/Business-ISBN-3.008/index.html">86.59% Coverage </a>
    </li>
    <li>
      License: artistic_2
    </li>
    <li>
      Perl: v5.8.0
    </li>
    <li class="nav-header">Activity</li>
    <li>
<div class="activity-graph">
    <img src="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN/activity.svg?res=month" />
    <div class="comment">24 month</div>
</div>
    </li>
    <li class="nav-header">Tools</li>
    <li>
      <a itemprop="downloadUrl" href="https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/B/BD/BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.008.tar.gz">
      Download (<span itemprop="fileSize">354.64KB</span>)</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://explorer.metacpan.org/?url=%2Fmodule%2FBDFOY%2FBusiness-ISBN-3.008%2Flib%2FBusiness%2FISBN.pm">
        MetaCPAN Explorer
      </a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN/permissions">
        Permissions
      </a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN/releases.rss">
        Subscribe to distribution
      </a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <button class="btn btn-link" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#metacpan_install-instructions-dialog">
        Install Instructions
      </button>
    </li>
    <li>
      <form action="https://metacpan.org/search">
        <input type="hidden" name="q" value="dist:Business-ISBN">
        <input type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search distribution" class="form-control tool-bar-form">
        <input type="submit" style="display: none">
      </form>
    </li>
    <li>
      <form action="https://grep.metacpan.org/search">
        <input type="hidden" name="qd" value="Business-ISBN">
        <input type="hidden" name="source" value="metacpan">
        <input type="search" name="q" placeholder="grep distribution" class="form-control tool-bar-form">
        <input type="submit" style="display: none">
     </form>
    </li>
    <li class="version-jump">
<select onchange="document.location.href=&#39;/release/&#39;+this.value+&#39;/view/lib/Business/ISBN.pm&#39;" class="form-control tool-bar-form">
  <option disabled selected>Jump to version</option>
<option
  disabled
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.008"
>3.008
  (BDFOY on 2023-03-23)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.007"
>3.007
  (BDFOY on 2022-01-09)</option>
<optgroup label="BackPAN">'
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.006"
>3.006
  (BDFOY on 2021-01-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.005"
>3.005
  (BDFOY on 2019-12-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.004"
>3.004
  (BDFOY on 2017-04-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.003"
>3.003
  (BDFOY on 2016-09-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.002"
>3.002
  (BDFOY on 2016-08-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.001_01"
>3.001_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2016-08-06)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.011_01"
>2.011_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2016-07-29)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.011"
>2.011
  (BDFOY on 2016-06-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.010_01"
>2.010_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2016-03-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.010"
>2.010
  (BDFOY on 2015-12-15)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.09_02"
>2.09_02 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2015-08-31)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.09_01"
>2.09_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2015-08-31)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.09"
>2.09
  (BDFOY on 2014-09-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.08"
>2.08
  (BDFOY on 2014-09-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.07"
>2.07
  (BDFOY on 2014-01-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.06"
>2.06
  (BDFOY on 2013-05-31)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.05_03"
>2.05_03 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2012-08-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.05_01"
>2.05_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2011-07-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.05"
>2.05
  (BDFOY on 2009-01-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.04_01"
>2.04_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2008-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.04"
>2.04
  (BDFOY on 2008-10-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.03_01"
>2.03_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.03"
>2.03
  (BDFOY on 2007-10-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_05"
>2.02_05 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-09-12)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_04"
>2.02_04 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-09-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_03"
>2.02_03 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-09-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_02"
>2.02_02 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_01"
>2.02_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02"
>2.02
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-15)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.01"
>2.01
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-13)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.00_01"
>2.00_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-03-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.84"
>1.84
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.83"
>1.83
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.82"
>1.82
  (BDFOY on 2005-08-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.81"
>1.81
  (BDFOY on 2005-08-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.80"
>1.80
  (BDFOY on 2005-03-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.79"
>1.79
  (BDFOY on 2004-12-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.78"
>1.78
  (BDFOY on 2004-11-22)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.77"
>1.77
  (BDFOY on 2004-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.76"
>1.76
  (BDFOY on 2004-10-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.74"
>1.74
  (BDFOY on 2004-09-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.73"
>1.73
  (BDFOY on 2004-09-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.72"
>1.72
  (BDFOY on 2004-02-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.71"
>1.71
  (BDFOY on 2004-01-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.70"
>1.70
  (BDFOY on 2002-09-06)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.69"
>1.69
  (BDFOY on 2002-09-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.68"
>1.68
  (BDFOY on 2002-09-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.67"
>1.67
  (BDFOY on 2002-04-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.65"
>1.65
  (BDFOY on 2001-11-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.64"
>1.64
  (BDFOY on 2001-09-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.60"
>1.60
  (BDFOY on 2001-04-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.58"
>1.58
  (BDFOY on 2001-03-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.57"
>1.57
  (BDFOY on 2001-03-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.56"
>1.56
  (BDFOY on 2001-03-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.51"
>1.51
  (BDFOY on 2001-01-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.5"
>1.5
  (BDFOY on 2000-10-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-20001010"
>20001010
  (BDFOY on 2000-10-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-19990112"
>19990112
  (BDFOY on 1999-01-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.1"
>1.1
  (BDFOY on 1998-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-19980825"
>19980825
  (BDFOY on 1998-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.0"
>1.0
  (BDFOY on 1998-03-29)</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
    </li>
    <li class="version-diff">
<select onchange="document.location.href='/release/BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.008/diff/' + encodeURIComponent(this.value) + '/lib/Business/ISBN.pm'
" class="form-control tool-bar-form">
  <option disabled selected>Diff with version</option>
<option
  disabled
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.008"
>3.008
  (BDFOY on 2023-03-23)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.007"
>3.007
  (BDFOY on 2022-01-09)</option>
<optgroup label="BackPAN">'
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.006"
>3.006
  (BDFOY on 2021-01-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.005"
>3.005
  (BDFOY on 2019-12-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.004"
>3.004
  (BDFOY on 2017-04-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.003"
>3.003
  (BDFOY on 2016-09-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.002"
>3.002
  (BDFOY on 2016-08-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.001_01"
>3.001_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2016-08-06)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.011_01"
>2.011_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2016-07-29)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.011"
>2.011
  (BDFOY on 2016-06-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.010_01"
>2.010_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2016-03-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.010"
>2.010
  (BDFOY on 2015-12-15)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.09_02"
>2.09_02 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2015-08-31)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.09_01"
>2.09_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2015-08-31)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.09"
>2.09
  (BDFOY on 2014-09-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.08"
>2.08
  (BDFOY on 2014-09-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.07"
>2.07
  (BDFOY on 2014-01-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.06"
>2.06
  (BDFOY on 2013-05-31)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.05_03"
>2.05_03 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2012-08-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.05_01"
>2.05_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2011-07-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.05"
>2.05
  (BDFOY on 2009-01-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.04_01"
>2.04_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2008-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.04"
>2.04
  (BDFOY on 2008-10-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.03_01"
>2.03_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.03"
>2.03
  (BDFOY on 2007-10-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_05"
>2.02_05 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-09-12)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_04"
>2.02_04 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-09-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_03"
>2.02_03 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-09-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_02"
>2.02_02 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_01"
>2.02_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02"
>2.02
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-15)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.01"
>2.01
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-13)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.00_01"
>2.00_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-03-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.84"
>1.84
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.83"
>1.83
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.82"
>1.82
  (BDFOY on 2005-08-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.81"
>1.81
  (BDFOY on 2005-08-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.80"
>1.80
  (BDFOY on 2005-03-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.79"
>1.79
  (BDFOY on 2004-12-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.78"
>1.78
  (BDFOY on 2004-11-22)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.77"
>1.77
  (BDFOY on 2004-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.76"
>1.76
  (BDFOY on 2004-10-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.74"
>1.74
  (BDFOY on 2004-09-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.73"
>1.73
  (BDFOY on 2004-09-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.72"
>1.72
  (BDFOY on 2004-02-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.71"
>1.71
  (BDFOY on 2004-01-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.70"
>1.70
  (BDFOY on 2002-09-06)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.69"
>1.69
  (BDFOY on 2002-09-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.68"
>1.68
  (BDFOY on 2002-09-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.67"
>1.67
  (BDFOY on 2002-04-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.65"
>1.65
  (BDFOY on 2001-11-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.64"
>1.64
  (BDFOY on 2001-09-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.60"
>1.60
  (BDFOY on 2001-04-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.58"
>1.58
  (BDFOY on 2001-03-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.57"
>1.57
  (BDFOY on 2001-03-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.56"
>1.56
  (BDFOY on 2001-03-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.51"
>1.51
  (BDFOY on 2001-01-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.5"
>1.5
  (BDFOY on 2000-10-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-20001010"
>20001010
  (BDFOY on 2000-10-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-19990112"
>19990112
  (BDFOY on 1999-01-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.1"
>1.1
  (BDFOY on 1998-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-19980825"
>19980825
  (BDFOY on 1998-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.0"
>1.0
  (BDFOY on 1998-03-29)</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
    </li>

    <li>
<ul class="dependencies">
  <li class="nav-header">Dependencies</li>
  <li><a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/Business::ISBN::Data" title="Business::ISBN::Data" class="ellipsis">Business::ISBN::Data</a></li>
  <li><i class="ttip" title="dynamic_config enabled">and possibly others</i></li>
  <li>
    <hr>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://metacpan.org/module/Business::ISBN/requires">Reverse dependencies</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="http://deps.cpantesters.org/?module=Business%3A%3AISBN">CPAN Testers List</a>
  </li>
  <li>
    <a href="https://cpandeps.grinnz.com/?dist=Business-ISBN">Dependency graph</a>
  </li>
</ul>
    </li>
    <li class="nav-header">Permalinks</li>
    <li>
      <a href="https://metacpan.org/release/BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.008/view/lib/Business/ISBN.pm">This version</a>
    </li>
    <li>
      <a href="./Business::ISBN.html">Latest version</a>
    </li>
    <li>
<div class="plussers">
<div class="nav-header">++ed by:</div>
<div>
<a class="display-all" href="https://metacpan.org/author/SYP"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/9b6fa62677be03c25ee1af4d95472042?d=identicon&amp;s=20" title="SYP" alt="SYP"></a>
<a class="display-all" href="https://metacpan.org/author/RRWO"><img src="https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5274bc5d690ee3d619f044778771a7?d=identicon&amp;s=20" title="RRWO" alt="RRWO"></a>
</div>
<!-- Display counts of plussers-->
<div>
    <a href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN/plussers">2 PAUSE users</a>
</div>
<div>
    4 non-PAUSE users
</div>
</div>
    </li>
    <li>
    </li>
              </ul>
            </div>
          </nav>
          <div class="content-navigation">
<div class="breadcrumbs">
  <span>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g a" rel="author" href="https://metacpan.org/author/BDFOY" class="author-name">brian d foy</a>
  </span>
  <span>&nbsp;/&nbsp;</span>
  <div class="release dist-release status-latest maturity-released">
    <span class="dropdown"><b class="caret"></b></span>
<select onchange="document.location.href=&#39;/release/&#39;+this.value+&#39;/view/lib/Business/ISBN.pm&#39;" class="">
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  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.008"
>3.008
  (BDFOY on 2023-03-23)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.007"
>3.007
  (BDFOY on 2022-01-09)</option>
<optgroup label="BackPAN">'
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.006"
>3.006
  (BDFOY on 2021-01-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.005"
>3.005
  (BDFOY on 2019-12-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.004"
>3.004
  (BDFOY on 2017-04-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.003"
>3.003
  (BDFOY on 2016-09-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.002"
>3.002
  (BDFOY on 2016-08-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-3.001_01"
>3.001_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2016-08-06)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.011_01"
>2.011_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2016-07-29)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.011"
>2.011
  (BDFOY on 2016-06-07)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.010_01"
>2.010_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2016-03-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.010"
>2.010
  (BDFOY on 2015-12-15)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.09_02"
>2.09_02 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2015-08-31)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.09_01"
>2.09_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2015-08-31)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.09"
>2.09
  (BDFOY on 2014-09-20)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.08"
>2.08
  (BDFOY on 2014-09-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.07"
>2.07
  (BDFOY on 2014-01-03)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.06"
>2.06
  (BDFOY on 2013-05-31)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.05_03"
>2.05_03 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2012-08-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.05_01"
>2.05_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2011-07-19)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.05"
>2.05
  (BDFOY on 2009-01-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.04_01"
>2.04_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2008-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.04"
>2.04
  (BDFOY on 2008-10-26)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.03_01"
>2.03_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.03"
>2.03
  (BDFOY on 2007-10-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_05"
>2.02_05 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-09-12)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_04"
>2.02_04 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-09-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_03"
>2.02_03 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-09-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_02"
>2.02_02 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-25)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02_01"
>2.02_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.02"
>2.02
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-15)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.01"
>2.01
  (BDFOY on 2007-08-13)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-2.00_01"
>2.00_01 DEV
  (BDFOY on 2007-03-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.84"
>1.84
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.83"
>1.83
  (BDFOY on 2007-01-10)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.82"
>1.82
  (BDFOY on 2005-08-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.81"
>1.81
  (BDFOY on 2005-08-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.80"
>1.80
  (BDFOY on 2005-03-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.79"
>1.79
  (BDFOY on 2004-12-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.78"
>1.78
  (BDFOY on 2004-11-22)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.77"
>1.77
  (BDFOY on 2004-10-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.76"
>1.76
  (BDFOY on 2004-10-08)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.74"
>1.74
  (BDFOY on 2004-09-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.73"
>1.73
  (BDFOY on 2004-09-02)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.72"
>1.72
  (BDFOY on 2004-02-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.71"
>1.71
  (BDFOY on 2004-01-28)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.70"
>1.70
  (BDFOY on 2002-09-06)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.69"
>1.69
  (BDFOY on 2002-09-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.68"
>1.68
  (BDFOY on 2002-09-05)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.67"
>1.67
  (BDFOY on 2002-04-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.65"
>1.65
  (BDFOY on 2001-11-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.64"
>1.64
  (BDFOY on 2001-09-14)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.60"
>1.60
  (BDFOY on 2001-04-01)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.58"
>1.58
  (BDFOY on 2001-03-27)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.57"
>1.57
  (BDFOY on 2001-03-21)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.56"
>1.56
  (BDFOY on 2001-03-17)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.51"
>1.51
  (BDFOY on 2001-01-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.5"
>1.5
  (BDFOY on 2000-10-24)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-20001010"
>20001010
  (BDFOY on 2000-10-09)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-19990112"
>19990112
  (BDFOY on 1999-01-11)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.1"
>1.1
  (BDFOY on 1998-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-19980825"
>19980825
  (BDFOY on 1998-10-04)</option>
<option
  
  value="BDFOY/Business-ISBN-1.0"
>1.0
  (BDFOY on 1998-03-29)</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
    <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g d" class="release-name" href="https://metacpan.org/dist/Business-ISBN">Business-ISBN-3.008</a>
  </div>
<span class="river-gauge-gauge">
  <svg width="24px"
       height="15px"
       version="1.1"
       xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
       xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">

    <g>
      <title>        River stage two &#10;
          • 11 direct dependents &#10;          • 15 total dependents
      </title>

      <rect x="0"  y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#7ea3f2" />
      <rect x="5"  y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#7ea3f2" />
      <rect x="10"  y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" />
      <rect x="15"  y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" />
      <rect x="20"  y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" />
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  </svg>

</span>
<div id="Business-ISBN-fav" class="logged_in">
<form action="https://metacpan.org/account/favorite/add" style="display: inline" onsubmit="return favDistribution(this)">
    <input type="hidden" name="remove" value="0">
    <input type="hidden" name="release" value="Business-ISBN-3.008">
    <input type="hidden" name="author" value="BDFOY">
    <input type="hidden" name="distribution" value="Business-ISBN">
    <button type="submit" class="favorite highlight"><span>6</span> ++</button>
</form>
</div>
<div class="logged_out">
<a href="./Business::ISBN.html" onclick="alert('Please sign in to add favorites'); return false" class="favorite highlight">
<span>6</span> ++</a>
</div>
   / <span>Business::ISBN</span>
</div>
          </div>
          <main class="content">


<nav class="toc">
  <div class="toc-header"><strong>Contents</strong></div>
<ul>
  <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#NAME">NAME</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a>
    <ul>
      <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#Function-interface">Function interface</a></li>
      <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#Object-interface">Object interface</a></li>
      <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#Instance-methods">Instance methods</a></li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#BUGS">BUGS</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#TO-DO">TO DO</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#SOURCE-AVAILABILITY">SOURCE AVAILABILITY</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#COPYRIGHT-AND-LICENSE">COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE</a></li>
  <li><a href="./Business::ISBN.html#CREDITS">CREDITS</a></li>
</ul></nav>
<div class="pod anchors">
<h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1>

<p>Business::ISBN - work with International Standard Book Numbers</p>

<h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1>

<pre><code>        use Business::ISBN;

        # 10 digit ISBNs
        $isbn10 = Business::ISBN-&gt;new(&#39;1565922573&#39;);
        $isbn10 = Business::ISBN-&gt;new(&#39;1-56592-257-3&#39;);

        # 13 digit ISBNs
        $isbn13 = Business::ISBN-&gt;new(&#39;978-0-596-52724-2&#39;);

        # convert
        $isbn10 = $isbn13-&gt;as_isbn10;    # for the 978 prefixes

        $isbn13 = $isbn10-&gt;as_isbn13;

        # maybe you don&#39;t care what it is as long as everything works
        $isbn = Business::ISBN-&gt;new( $ARGV[0] );

        #print the ISBN with hyphens at usual positions
        print $isbn-&gt;as_string;

        #print the ISBN with hyphens at specified positions.
        #this not does affect the default positions
        print $isbn-&gt;as_string([]);

        #print the group code or publisher code
        print $isbn-&gt;group_code;

        print $isbn-&gt;publisher_code;

        #check to see if the ISBN is valid
        $isbn-&gt;is_valid;

        #fix the ISBN checksum.  BEWARE:  the error might not be
        #in the checksum!
        $isbn-&gt;fix_checksum;

        # create an EAN13 barcode in PNG format
        $isbn-&gt;png_barcode;</code></pre>

<h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1>

<p>This modules handles International Standard Book Numbers, including ISBN-10 and ISBN-13.</p>

<p>The data come from <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/Business::ISBN::Data">Business::ISBN::Data</a>, which means you can update the data separately from the code. Also, you can use <a href="https://metacpan.org/pod/Business::ISBN::Data">Business::ISBN::Data</a> with whatever <i>RangeMessage.xml</i> you like if you have updated data. See that module for details.</p>

<h2 id="Function-interface"><a id="Function"></a>Function interface</h2>

<dl>

<dt id="valid_isbn_checksum(-ISBN10-|-ISBN13-)"><a id="valid_isbn_checksum"></a><a id="valid_isbn_checksum--ISBN10---ISBN13"></a>valid_isbn_checksum( ISBN10 | ISBN13 )</dt>
<dd>

<p>This function is exportable on demand, and works for either 10 or 13 character ISBNs).</p>

<pre><code>        use Business::ISBN qw( valid_isbn_checksum );</code></pre>

<p>Returns 1 if the ISBN is a valid ISBN with the right checksum.</p>

<p>Returns 0 if the ISBN has valid prefix and publisher codes, but an invalid checksum.</p>

<p>Returns undef if the ISBN does not validate for any other reason.</p>

</dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="Object-interface"><a id="Object"></a>Object interface</h2>

<dl>

<dt id="new($isbn)"><a id="new"></a><a id="new-isbn"></a>new($isbn)</dt>
<dd>

<p>The constructor accepts a scalar representing the ISBN.</p>

<p>The string representing the ISBN may contain characters other than <code>[0-9xX]</code>, although these will be removed in the internal representation. The resulting string must look like an ISBN - the first nine characters must be digits and the tenth character must be a digit, &#39;x&#39;, or &#39;X&#39;.</p>

<p>The constructor attempts to determine the group code and the publisher code. If these data cannot be determined, the constructor sets <code>$obj-&gt;error</code> to something other than <code>GOOD_ISBN</code>. An object is still returned and it is up to the program to check the <code>error</code> method for one of five values or one of the <code>error_*</code> methods to check for a particular error. The actual values of these symbolic versions are the same as those from previous versions of this module which used literal values:</p>

<pre><code>        Business::ISBN::INVALID_PUBLISHER_CODE
        Business::ISBN::INVALID_GROUP_CODE
        Business::ISBN::BAD_CHECKSUM
        Business::ISBN::GOOD_ISBN
        Business::ISBN::BAD_ISBN</code></pre>

<p>If you have one of these values and want to turn it into a string, you can use the <code>%Business::ISBN::ERROR_TEXT</code> hash, which is exportable by asking for it explicitly in the import list:</p>

<pre><code>        use Business::ISBN qw(%ERROR_TEXT);</code></pre>

<p>As of version 2.010_01, you can get this text from <code>error_text</code> so you don&#39;t have to import anything.</p>

<p>The string passed as the ISBN need not be a valid ISBN as long as it superficially looks like one. This allows one to use the <code>fix_checksum()</code> method. Despite the disclaimer in the discussion of that method, the author has found it extremely useful. One should check the validity of the ISBN with <code>is_valid()</code> rather than relying on the return value of the constructor. If all one wants to do is check the validity of an ISBN, one can skip the object-oriented interface and use the <code>valid_isbn_checksum()</code> function which is exportable on demand.</p>

<p>If the constructor decides it cannot create an object, it returns <code>undef</code>. It may do this if the string passed as the ISBN cannot be munged to the internal format meaning that it does not even come close to looking like an ISBN.</p>

</dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="Instance-methods"><a id="Instance"></a>Instance methods</h2>

<dl>

<dt id="input_isbn">input_isbn</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the starting ISBN. Since you may insert hyphens or fix checksums, you might want to see the original data.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="common_data">common_data</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the starting ISBN after normalization, which removes anything that isn&#39;t a digit or a valid checksum character.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="isbn">isbn</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the current value of ISBN, even if it has an invalid checksum. This is the raw data so it doesn&#39;t have the hyphens. If you want hyphenation, try <code>as_string</code>.</p>

<p>The <code>isbn</code> method should be the same as <code>as_string( [] )</code>.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="error">error</dt>
<dd>

<p>Return the error code for the reason the ISBN isn&#39;t valid. The return value is a key in %ERROR_TEXT.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="error_is_bad_group">error_is_bad_group</dt>
<dd>

</dd>
<dt id="error_is_bad_publisher">error_is_bad_publisher</dt>
<dd>

</dd>
<dt id="error_is_article_out_of_range">error_is_article_out_of_range</dt>
<dd>

</dd>
<dt id="error_is_bad_checksum">error_is_bad_checksum</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns true if the ISBN error is that type.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="error_text">error_text</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns a text version of the error text</p>

</dd>
<dt id="is_valid">is_valid</dt>
<dd>

<p>Return true if the ISBN is valid, meaning that it has a valid prefix (for ISBN-13), group code, and publisher code; and its checksum validates.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="type">type</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns either <code>ISBN10</code> or <code>ISBN13</code>.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="prefix">prefix</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the prefix for the ISBN. This is currently either 978 or 979 for ISBN-13. It returns the empty string (so, a defined value) for ISBN-10.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="group_code">group_code</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the group code for the ISBN. This is the numerical version, for example, &#39;0&#39; for the English group. The valid group codes come from <code>Business::ISBN::Data</code>.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="group">group</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the group name for the ISBN. This is the string version. For instance, &#39;English&#39; for the &#39;0&#39; group. The names come from <code>Business::ISBN::Data</code>.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="publisher_code">publisher_code</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the publisher code for the ISBN. This is the numeric version, for instance &#39;596&#39; for O&#39;Reilly Media.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="article_code">article_code</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the article code for the ISBN. This is the numeric version that uniquely identifies the item.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="article_code_length">article_code_length</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the article code length for the ISBN.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="article_code_min">article_code_min</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the minimum article code length for the publisher code.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="article_code_max">article_code_max</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the max article code length for the publisher code.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="checksum">checksum</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the checksum code for the ISBN. This checksum may not be valid since you can create an object an fix the checksum later with <code>fix_checksum</code>.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="is_valid_checksum">is_valid_checksum</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns <code>Business::ISBN::GOOD_ISBN</code> for valid checksums and <code>Business::ISBN::BAD_CHECKSUM</code> otherwise. This does not guarantee that the rest of the ISBN is actually assigned to a book.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="fix_checksum">fix_checksum</dt>
<dd>

<p>Checks the checksum and modifies the ISBN to set it correctly if needed.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="as_string(),-as_string([])"><a id="as_string"></a><a id="as_string--as_string"></a>as_string(), as_string([])</dt>
<dd>

<p>Return the ISBN as a string. This function takes an optional anonymous array (or array reference) that specifies the placement of hyphens in the string. An empty anonymous array produces a string with no hyphens. An empty argument list automatically hyphenates the ISBN based on the discovered group and publisher codes. An ISBN that is not valid may produce strange results.</p>

<p>The positions specified in the passed anonymous array are only used for one method use and do not replace the values specified by the constructor. The method assumes that you know what you are doing and will attempt to use the least three positions specified. If you pass an anonymous array of several positions, the list will be sorted and the lowest three positions will be used. Positions less than 1 and greater than 12 are silently ignored.</p>

<p>A terminating &#39;x&#39; is changed to &#39;X&#39;.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="as_isbn10">as_isbn10</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns a new ISBN object. If the object is already ISBN-10, this method clones it. If it is an ISBN-13 with the prefix 978, it returns the ISBN-10 equivalent. For all other cases it returns undef.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="as_isbn13">as_isbn13</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns a new ISBN object. If the object is already ISBN-13, this method clones it. If it is an ISBN-10, it returns the ISBN-13 equivalent with the 978 prefix.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="increment">increment</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the next <code>Business::ISBN</code> by incrementing the article code of the specified ISBN (object or scalar).</p>

<p>Returns undef, if the parameter is invalid or equals the maximum possible ISBN for the publisher.</p>

<pre><code>        $isbn = Business::ISBN-&gt;new(&#39;1565922573&#39;);  # 1-56592-257-3
        $next_isbn = $isbn-&gt;increment;              # 1-56592-258-1</code></pre>

<p>If the next article code would exceed the maximum possible article code (such as incrementing 999 to 1000), this returns ARTICLE_CODE_OUT_OF_RANGE as the error.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="decrement">decrement</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns the previous <code>Business::ISBN</code> by decrementing the article code of the specified ISBN (object or scalar).</p>

<p>Returns undef, if the parameter is invalid or equals the minimum possible ISBN for the publisher.</p>

<pre><code>        $isbn = Business::ISBN-&gt;new(&#39;1565922573&#39;);  # 1-56592-257-3
        $prev_isbn = $isbn-&gt;decrement;              # 1-56592-256-5</code></pre>

<p>If the next article code would exceed the maximum possible article code (such as incrementing 000 to -1), this returns ARTICLE_CODE_OUT_OF_RANGE as the error.</p>

</dd>
<dt id="png_barcode">png_barcode</dt>
<dd>

<p>Returns image data in PNG format for the barcode for the ISBN. This works with ISBN-10 and ISBN-13. The ISBN-10s are automaically converted to ISBN-13.</p>

<p>This requires <code>GD::Barcode::EAN13</code>.</p>

</dd>
</dl>

<h1 id="BUGS">BUGS</h1>

<h1 id="TO-DO"><a id="TO"></a>TO DO</h1>

<p>* i would like to create the bar codes with the price extension</p>

<h1 id="SOURCE-AVAILABILITY"><a id="SOURCE"></a>SOURCE AVAILABILITY</h1>

<p>This source is in Github:</p>

<pre><code>    https://github.com/briandfoy/business-isbn</code></pre>

<h1 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h1>

<p>brian d foy <code>&lt;bdfoy@cpan.org&gt;</code></p>

<h1 id="COPYRIGHT-AND-LICENSE"><a id="COPYRIGHT"></a>COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE</h1>

<p>Copyright &copy; 2001-2023, brian d foy &lt;bdfoy@cpan.org&gt;. All rights reserved.</p>

<p>This module is licensed under the Artistic License 2.0. See the LICENSE file in the distribution, or https://opensource.org/licenses/Artistic-2.0</p>

<h1 id="CREDITS">CREDITS</h1>

<p>Thanks to Mark W. Eichin <code>&lt;eichin@thok.org&gt;</code> for suggestions and discussions on EAN support.</p>

<p>Thanks to Andy Lester <code>&lt;andy@petdance.com&gt;</code> for lots of bug fixes and testing.</p>

<p>Ed Summers <code>&lt;esummers@cpan.org&gt;</code> has volunteered to help with this module.</p>

<p>Markus Spann <code>&lt;markus_spann@gmx.de&gt;</code> added <code>increment</code> and <code>decrement</code>.</p></div>

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